{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T04:57:33Z","timestamp":1772600253279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Innovation, Spain","award":["R\u00edo Hortega CM16\/00096 to Dr. Cort\u00e9s-Vicente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\u00edo Hortega CM16\/00096 to Dr. Cort\u00e9s-Vicente"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Innovation, Spain","award":["FIS PI16\/01440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI16\/01440"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) without antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or muscle\u2010specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) have been classified as having double\u2010seronegative myasthenia gravis (dSNMG). We used the sera from six dSNMG patients with positive immunohistochemistry assays in a protein array to screen reactivity with 9000 human proteins. We identified cortactin, an intracellular protein that interacts with agrin\/MuSK favoring AChR aggregation, as a new antigen in dSNMG. We then designed an in\u2010house enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay as a screening assay and confirmed these results by western blot. We found that 19.7% of dSNMG patients had anti\u2010cortactin antibodies. In contrast, patients with AChR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG or other autoimmune disorders and healthy controls were positive at significantly lower rates. Five percent of healthy controls were positive. In a recent study, we screened sera from 250 patients (AChR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG, MuSK<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG, dSNMG) and 29 healthy controls. Cortactin antibodies were identified in 23.7% of dSNMG and 9.5% AChR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). None of the MuSK<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG patients, patients with other autoimmune disorders, or healthy controls had antibodies against cortactin. Patients with dSNMG cortactin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG were negative for anti\u2010striated muscle and anti\u2010LRP4 antibodies. Patients with dSNMG cortactin<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG presented ocular or mild generalized MG without bulbar symptoms. We conclude that cortactin autoantibodies are biomarkers of MG that, when present, suggest that the disease will be mild.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T17:13:54Z","timestamp":1508951634000},"page":"90-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Diagnostic utility of cortactin antibodies in myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1412","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Illa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau \u2010 IIB Sant Pau Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Cort\u00e9s\u2010Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau \u2010 IIB Sant Pau Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau \u2010 IIB Sant Pau Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb51285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.27.4.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328364c079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/85520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313944110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182407982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880171208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92259-2","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis without acetylcholine receptor antibody: a distinct disease entity","volume":"1","author":"Mossman S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6194-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn092"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318237f660"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13928","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13928","article-title":"Collagen Q and anti\u2010MuSK autoantibody competitively suppress agrin\/LRP4\/MuSK signaling","volume":"5","author":"Otsuka K.","journal-title":"Sci. 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