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Vitamin A status was assessed by serum retinol, and the findings are reported as means and prevalences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Overall, the age\u2010standardized vitamin A deficiency prevalence was 11.7%, a decrease from previous national data, but serum retinol levels remained lower than in other developing countries. Overall, unweighted, multilevel, multivariate logistic regression showed that vitamin A deficiency was influenced by race only (odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.031), while weighted multiple logistic regression for 16\u2010 to 18\u2010year\u2010olds showed that vitamin A deficiency was influenced by locality (OR = 9.83, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) and household income (intermediate (OR = 0.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022) and upper (OR = 0.25, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049)). Despite the decreased prevalence, vitamin A deficiency remains a moderate public health problem in the country. Opportunities for targeted interventions have been identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T12:48:39Z","timestamp":1510318119000},"page":"48-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The impact of sociodemography, diet, and body size on serum retinol in women 16\u201335 years of age: SANHANES\u20101"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1416","author":[{"given":"Whadi\u2010ah","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation Human Sciences Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zandile J.","family":"Mchiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation Human Sciences Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronel","family":"Sewpaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation Human Sciences Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nophiwe","family":"Job","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation Human Sciences Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lumbwe","family":"Chola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PRICELESS SA University of Witwatersrand School of Public Health  Parktown South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Sithole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators Human Sciences Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demetre","family":"Labadarios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation Human Sciences Research Council  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2017.Micronutrient deficiencies: vitamin A deficiency. 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