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Circulating miRNAs are released into the extracellular space and can be measured in most biofluids, including blood serum and plasma. Recently, circulating miRNAs have emerged as easily accessible markers in various body fluids with different profiles and quantities specific for different human disorders, including autoimmune diseases. In myasthenia gravis (MG), diagnostic tests such as titers of serum autoantibodies specific for either the acetylcholine receptor (AChR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) or muscle\u2010specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) do not necessarily reflect disease progression, and there is a great need for reliable objective biomarkers to monitor the disease course and therapeutic response. Recent studies in AChR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG revealed elevated levels of the immuno\u2010miRNAs miR\u2010150\u20105p and miR\u201021\u20105p. Of particular importance, levels of miR\u2010150\u20105p were lower in immunosuppressed patients and in patients with clinical improvement following thymectomy. In MuSK<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG, another profile of circulating miRNAs was found, including upregulation of the let\u20107 family of miRNAs. Here, we summarize the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in general and in MG, and highlight important considerations for the analysis of circulating miRNA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T12:46:43Z","timestamp":1510318003000},"page":"33-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in myasthenia gravis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1412","author":[{"given":"Anna Rostedt","family":"Punga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanel","family":"Punga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.13.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3838"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90529-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90530-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1420955112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00759-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/970607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.082701.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.205146.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0551-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2005825"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.097972"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804549105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.147405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019055108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914843107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214046110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408301111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2014.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.221341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"The impact of hemolysis on cell\u2010free microRNA biomarkers","volume":"4","author":"Kirschner M.B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. 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