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In this review, we discuss thymic changes associated with thymic hyperplasia and their implications in the development of an autoimmune response against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR).The hyperplastic MG thymus displays all the characteristics of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs): neoangiogenic processes with high endothelial venule and lymphatic vessel development, chemokine overexpression favoring peripheral cell recruitment, and ectopic germinal center development. As thymic epithelial cells or myoid cells express AChR, a specific antigen presentation can easily occur within the thymus in the presence of recruited peripheral cells, such as B cells and T follicular helper cells. How the thymus turns into a TLO is not known, but local inflammation seems mandatory. Interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b2 is overexpressed in MG thymus and could orchestrate thymic changes associated with MG. Knowledge about how IFN\u2010\u03b2 is induced in MG thymus and why its expression is sustained even long after disease onset would be of interest in the future to better understand the etiological and physiopathological mechanisms involved in autoimmune MG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T12:46:39Z","timestamp":1510317999000},"page":"137-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Thymus involvement in early\u2010onset myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1412","author":[{"given":"M\u00e9lanie A.","family":"Cron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol\u00e8ne","family":"Maillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Truffault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Sudres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Dragin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Berrih\u2010Aknin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozen","family":"Le Panse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institut de myologie  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-016-8558-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.004","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of anti\u2010LRP4 in myasthenia gravis","volume":"52","author":"Zisimopoulou P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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