{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:14:12Z","timestamp":1787933652417,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004923","name":"AFM-T\u00e9l\u00e9thon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody that binds the B lymphocyte membrane protein CD20, has been increasingly used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, with the rationale of destroying pathogenic B lymphocytes and decreasing autoantibody formation. Surprisingly, RTX has also proven effective in predominantly T cell\u2013mediated diseases, raising the question whether additional mechanisms may play roles in determining the therapeutic response. Here, we review the current literature on the effects of RTX in autoimmune diseases, with special emphasis on myasthenia gravis (MG). To elicit a complete and effective immune response, B and T lymphocytes cooperate in a loop in which they affect each other. Disruption of this cross talk has profound effects on the immune system. RTX is likely to affect the whole spectrum of B cell function, including antigen presentation, cytokine production, and T cell stimulation. In addition, as a small subset of T lymphocytes expresses CD20, its direct targeting by RTX may contribute to the therapeutic effect. Owing to its distinctive immune characteristics, MG proved to be a useful model to investigate the multifaceted implications of B cell depletion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T13:06:47Z","timestamp":1516885607000},"page":"41-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Rituximab in myasthenia gravis: a \u201cto be or not to be\u201d inhibitor of T cell function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1413","author":[{"given":"Mariapaola","family":"Marino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Patologia Generale Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Bartoccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Patologia Generale Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Emilio","family":"Alboini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Neurologia Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Evoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Neurologia Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct1114348","article-title":"Anti\u2010CD20 antibody therapy for B\u2010cell lymphomas","volume":"24","author":"Maloney D.G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. 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