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The functional and effective balance between regulatory T cells (T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> cells) and effector T cells (T<jats:sub>eff<\/jats:sub> cells) is lost in the hyperplastic thymus of MG patients with antibodies specific for the AChR (AChR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG patients). The objective of this review is to describe how T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> cells and inflammatory T cells participate in this imbalance and contribute to induce a chronic inflammatory state in the MG thymus. We discuss the origins and characteristics of T<jats:sub>reg<\/jats:sub> cells and their reported dysfunctions in AChR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> MG patients. We also review the inflammatory condition observed in MG thymus, including overexpression of interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and IL\u201023, cytokines that promote the differentiation of T helper 17 (T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>17) cells and the expression of IL\u201017. We summarize the preclinical models used to determine the implication of expression of cytokines, such as IL\u20106, IL\u201012 (IL\u201023 subunit), IL\u201017, and interferon \u03b3 to the development of experimental autoimmune MG. Finally, we suggest that biological agents, such as humanized monoclonal antibodies that target the IL\u201023\/T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>17 pathway, should be investigated in the context of MG, as they have proven efficiency in other autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T13:57:24Z","timestamp":1516802244000},"page":"154-162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["An imbalance between regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in acetylcholine receptor\u2013positive myasthenia gravis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1413","author":[{"given":"Jose Adolfo","family":"Villegas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Sorbonne Universities  Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM U974  Paris France"},{"name":"AIM Institute of Myology  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Van 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