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Other systemic and local causes of esophageal eosinophilia should be excluded. Clinical manifestations or pathologic data should not be interpreted in isolation. EoE was first described as a distinct disease entity in 1993. Most patients are diagnosed with underlying food allergies. The first diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines were published in 2007 with a first update in 2011. In 2017, new international guidelines were published based on the GRADE methodology. These guidelines provide, among many other topics, insights on the role of proton pump inhibitor\u2010responsive esophageal eosinophilia. Over the last two decades, considerable progress was made by stakeholders regarding the understanding of EoE's pathogenesis, genetic background, natural history, allergy workup, standardization of assessment of disease activity, evaluation of minimally invasive diagnostic tools, and new therapeutic approaches. This brief review provides further insights into latest diagnostic and therapeutic advances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T14:12:55Z","timestamp":1526393575000},"page":"84-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Eosinophilic esophagitis: latest insights from diagnosis to therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1434","author":[{"given":"Alain","family":"Schoepfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois\/CHUV and University of Lausanne (UNIL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Research Center  Vevey Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Lucendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastoenterology Hospital General de Tomelloso  Tomelloso Ciudad Real Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico\u2010Chirurgica e dei Trapianti Universit\u00e0 degli Studi of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Ribi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Safroneeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edoardo V.","family":"Savarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology \u2013 DiSCOG  Azienza Ospedaliera di Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Penagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico\u2010Chirurgica e dei Trapianti Universit\u00e0 degli Studi of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda \u2013 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"1419","article-title":"Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis: a frequently overlooked disease with typical clinical aspects and discrete endoscopic findings","volume":"124","author":"Straumann A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schweiz. 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