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We characterized the fecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing) and the plasma metabolome (high\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) in 59 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Microbial and metabolic data were cross\u2010correlated to find meaningful associations after extensive data mining analysis and internal validation. Our data show that a reduced model of nine bacteria is capable of differentiating HCs from SSc patients. SSc gut microbiota is characterized by a reduction in protective butyrate\u2010producing bacteria and by an increase in proinflammatory noxious genera, especially <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>. From the metabolic point of view, a multivariate model with 17 metabolite intermediates well distinguished cases from controls. The most interesting peaks we found were identified as glycerophospholipid metabolites\u00a0and benzene derivatives. The microbial and metabolic data showed significant interactions between <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic> and alpha\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylacetyl\u2010<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010glutamine and 2,4\u2010dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Our data suggest that in SSc, intestinal microbiota is characterized by proinflammatory alterations subtly entwined with the metabolic state. <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic> is a relevant actor in gut dysbiosis that may promote intestinal damage and influence amino acid metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T11:15:47Z","timestamp":1526037347000},"page":"97-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Microbial and metabolic multi\u2010omic correlations in systemic sclerosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1421","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bellocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scleroderma Unit, Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano  Milan 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