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The study was designed to replicate a human vaccine implementation scenario for endemic regions in which vaccine would be administered following drug treatment of infected individuals. In our study, the Sm\u2010p80\u2010based vaccine reduced principal pathology producing hepatic egg burdens by 38.0% and egg load in small and large intestines by 72.2% and 49.4%, respectively, in baboons. Notably, hatching rates of eggs recovered from liver and small and large intestine of vaccinated animals were significantly reduced, by 60.4%, 48.6%, and 82.3%, respectively. Observed reduction in egg maturation\/hatching rates was supported by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy showing unique differences in Sm\u2010p80 expression in worms of both sexes and matured eggs. Vaccinated baboons had a 64.5% reduction in urine schistosome circulating anodic antigen, a parameter that reflects worm numbers\/health status in infected hosts. Preliminary analyses of RNA sequencing revealed unique genes and canonical pathways associated with establishment of chronic disease, praziquantel\u2010mediated parasite killing, and Sm\u2010p80\u2010mediated protection in vaccinated baboons. Overall, our study demonstrated efficacy of the Sm\u2010p80 vaccine and provides insight into some of the epistatic interactions associated with protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T10:47:58Z","timestamp":1528714078000},"page":"19-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Sm\u2010p80\u2010based vaccine trial in baboons: efficacy when mimicking natural conditions of chronic disease, praziquantel therapy, immunization, and <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> re\u2010encounter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1425","author":[{"given":"Arif J.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center  Lubbock Texas"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Texas Tech 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