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A vaccine is urgently needed. Here, we report the results of four independent, double\u2010blind studies of an Sm\u2010p80\u2010based vaccine in baboons. The vaccine exhibited potent prophylactic efficacy against transmission of <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection and was associated with significantly less egg\u2010induced pathology, compared with unvaccinated control animals. Specifically, the vaccine resulted in a 93.45% reduction of pathology\u2010producing female worms and significantly resolved the major clinical manifestations of hepatic\/intestinal schistosomiasis by reducing the tissue egg\u2010load by 89.95%. A 35\u2010fold decrease in fecal egg excretion in vaccinated animals, combined with an 81.51% reduction in hatching of eggs into the snail\u2010infective stage (miracidia), demonstrates the parasite transmission\u2010blocking potential of the vaccine. Substantially higher Sm\u2010p80 expression in female worms and Sm\u2010p80\u2010specific antibodies in vaccinated baboons appear to play an important role in vaccine\u2010mediated protection. Preliminary analyses of RNA sequencing revealed distinct molecular signatures of vaccine\u2010induced effects in baboon immune effector cells. This study provides comprehensive evidence for the effectiveness of an Sm\u2010p80\u2010based vaccine for schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T10:42:00Z","timestamp":1533897720000},"page":"38-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Sm\u2010p80\u2010based schistosomiasis vaccine: double\u2010blind preclinical trial in baboons demonstrates comprehensive prophylactic and parasite transmission\u2010blocking efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1425","author":[{"given":"Weidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center  Lubbock Texas"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center  Lubbock 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