{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:58:15Z","timestamp":1787806695785,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we analyzed four population\u2010based demographic and health surveys conducted in Bolivia between 1998 and 2016 to understand trends in anemia in children from 6 to 59\u00a0months of age by selected sociodemographic characteristics and three categories of altitude: low, medium, and high. Over the 18\u2010year period, the prevalence of anemia was virtually unchanged while that in children living at high altitude increased. Anemia in children living at all three altitude categories is more than 40% and a severe public health problem according to the World Health Organization. We did not identify a single consistent risk factor for anemia in children living at high altitude compared with those living at medium or low altitude. The most consistent characteristic associated with childhood anemia across the three altitude categories was diarrhea in the last 2\u00a0weeks. Low length\/height for age, an adolescent or anemic mother, a mother with no or little education, and a mother who speaks Quechua or Aymara were also risk factors. We conclude that it is necessary to review anemia policies and programs and prioritize children who are at greatest risk of developing anemia, particularly those living at high altitude. As iron deficiency appears to explain only a small part of childhood anemia, there is also a need to better understand its other causes and develop appropriate interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T02:57:35Z","timestamp":1552964255000},"page":"281-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anemia in Bolivian children: a comparative analysis among three regions of different altitudes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1450","author":[{"given":"Dilberth","family":"Cordero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant  La Paz Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud y Desarrollo Universidad Mayor de San Andres  La Paz Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Casanovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Mayor de San Andres  La Paz Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DHS Database Management Expert  La Paz Bolivia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chessa K.","family":"Lutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Security and Agriculture RTI International  Washington DC"},{"name":"University of Maryland School of Public Health  College Park Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-16-0093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"WHO.2014.Global Nutrition Targets 2025. 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Situation analysis trends and implications for public health programming.Washington DC: Pan American Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Comit\u00e9 T\u00e9cnico del Consejo Nacional de Alimentaci\u00f3n y Nutrici\u00f3n (CT\u2010CONAN).2008.Programa Multisectorial Desnutrici\u00f3n Cero La Paz Bolivia."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/502968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1652-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.37757\/MR2014.V16.N1.5","article-title":"Anemia in children under five years old in Eastern Cuba, 2005\u20132011","volume":"16","author":"Pita G.M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2014.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-69"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estadistica & Ministerio de Salud.2017.Encuesta de Demograf\u00eda y Salud EDSA 2016.La Paz Bolivia: Instituto Nacional de Estadistica."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"WHO.2011.Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity.Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency in the United States","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. 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