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Individuals with preexisting thyroid disease or those previously exposed to iodine deficiency may be more susceptible to thyroid disorders due to an increase in iodine intake, in some cases at intakes only slightly above physiological needs. Thyroid dysfunction due to excess iodine intake is usually mild and transient, but iodine\u2010induced hyperthyroidism can be life\u2010threatening in some individuals. At the population level, excess iodine intakes may arise from consumption of overiodized salt, drinking water, animal milk rich in iodine, certain seaweeds, iodine\u2010containing dietary supplements, and from a combination of these sources. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of a population reflects the total iodine intake from all sources and can accurately identify populations with excessive iodine intakes. Our review describes the association between excess iodine intake and thyroid function. We outline potential sources of excess iodine intake and the physiological responses and consequences of excess iodine intakes. We provide guidance on choice of biomarkers to assess iodine intake, with an emphasis on the UIC and thyroglobulin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T03:43:30Z","timestamp":1553053410000},"page":"44-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1446","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1005-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Farebrother","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Laboratory Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health  ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Laboratory Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health  ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Iodine Global Network  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition Laboratory Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health  ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Iodine Global Network  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition University Children's Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70225-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.110429"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173722"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","unstructured":"Iodine Global Network.2017.Global Scorecard of Iodine Nutrition in 2017 in the general population and in pregnant women. 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