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Given the linkages between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutrition, this secondary data analysis explores potential associations with anemia. Forty\u2010seven demographic and health surveys were used to explore the association between unimproved water and sanitation and anemia in women and children with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) calculated by country and cumulatively. In over 60% of countries, children with off\u2010premises water access had significantly increased odds of anemia. In over a quarter of countries, children exposed to surface water had higher odds of anemia. In Burundi, children were 1.65 times more likely to be anemic when reported to be living in households using surface water. However, in India, a protective effect was noted (adjusted OR: 0.70,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) for surface water. In 60% and 65% of countries, women and children exposed to an open sanitation facility had higher odds of being anemic, respectively. There is evidence of an association between selected water and sanitation indicators and anemia. Promoting policies, practices and research that strengthen access to improved WASH should be considered for reducing anemia prevalence alongside standard nutrition interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T14:46:03Z","timestamp":1561387563000},"page":"249-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Exploring associations between water, sanitation, and anemia through 47 nationally representative demographic and health surveys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1450","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica T.","family":"Kothari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN), PATH Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Coile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN), PATH Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1558-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arja","family":"Huestis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN), PATH Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Pullum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICF, Demographic Health Surveys Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN), PATH Washington DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Engmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN), PATH Washington DC"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Global Health, Schools of Medicine and Public Health University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Development Initiatives.2018.2018 Global Nutrition Report: shining a light to spur action on nutrition. 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