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This review presents the conclusions of a task force that set out to assess the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes and adverse birth outcomes in LMICs; the data from trials comparing multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) that contain iron and folic acid (IFA) with IFA supplements alone; the risks of reaching the upper intake levels with MMS; and the cost\u2010effectiveness of MMS compared with IFA. Recent meta\u2010analyses demonstrate that MMS can reduce the risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age in comparison with IFA alone. An individual\u2010participant data meta\u2010analysis also revealed even greater benefits for anemic and underweight women and female infants. Importantly, there was no increased risk of harm for the pregnant women or their infants with MMS. These data suggest that countries with inadequate micronutrient intakes should consider supplementing pregnant women with MMS as a cost\u2010effective method to reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T03:48:22Z","timestamp":1559015302000},"page":"6-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Review of the evidence regarding the use of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1444","author":[{"given":"Megan W.","family":"Bourassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The New York Academy of Sciences  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia J.M.","family":"Osendarp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osendarp Nutrition  Berkel &amp; Rodenrijs the Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health Wageningen University  Wageningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Adu\u2010Afarwuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science University of Ghana  Legon Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The New York Academy of Sciences  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton","family":"Ajello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vitamin Angels Alliance, Inc.  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