{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:16:09Z","timestamp":1791825369613,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK\u2010027627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK\u2010027627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2OD023847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2OD023847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brain\u2212gut neural communications have long been considered limited because of conspicuous numerical mismatches. The vagus, the parasympathetic nerve connecting brain and gut, contains thousands of axons, whereas the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains millions of intrinsic neurons in local plexuses. The numerical paradox was initially recognized in terms of efferent projections, but the number of afferents, which comprise the majority (\u2248 80%) of neurites in the vagus, is also relatively small. The present survey of recent morphological observations suggests that vagal terminals, and more generally autonomic and visceral afferent arbors in the stomach as well as throughout the gut, elaborate arbors that are extensive, regionally specialized, polymorphic, polytopic, and polymodal, commonly with multiplicities of receptors and binding sites\u2014smart terminals. The morphological specializations and dynamic tuning of one\u2010to\u2010many efferent projections and many\u2010to\u2010one convergences of contacts onto afferents create a complex architecture capable of extensive peripheral integration in the brain\u2212gut connectome and offset many of the disparities between axon and target numbers. Appreciating this complex architecture can help in the design of therapies for GI disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T09:42:15Z","timestamp":1562146935000},"page":"14-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Vagal innervation of the stomach reassessed: brain\u2212gut connectome uses smart terminals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1454","author":[{"given":"Terry L.","family":"Powley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Jaffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McAdams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Baronowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Chesney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuroscience Area, Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"xxxix","article-title":"Connexions of the enteric nerve cells","volume":"56","author":"Langley J.N.","year":"1922","journal-title":"J. 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