{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:52:15Z","timestamp":1774367535314,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Evidence and Programme Guidance Unit, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the proportion of anemia amenable to change varies by population, the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria used to describe the public health severity of anemia are based on population prevalences. We describe the importance of measuring iron and other etiologic indicators to better understand what proportion of anemia could be responsive to interventions. We discuss the necessity of measuring inflammation to interpret iron biomarkers and documenting anemia of inflammation. Finally, we suggest assessing nonmodifiable genetic blood disorders associated with anemia. Using aggregated results from the Global Burden of Disease 2016, we compare population prevalence of anemia with years lived with disability (YLD) estimates, and the relative contributions of mild, moderate, and severe anemia to YLD. Anemia prevalences correlated with YLD and the relative proportion of moderate or severe anemia increased with anemia prevalence. However, individual\u2010level survey data revealed irregular patterns between anemia prevalence, the prevalence of moderate or severe anemia, and the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We conclude that although the WHO population prevalence criteria used to describe the public health severity of anemia are important for policymaking, etiologic\u2010specific metrics that take into account IDA and other causes will be necessary for effective anemia control policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T05:24:27Z","timestamp":1562131467000},"page":"268-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Data needed to respond appropriately to anemia when it is a public health problem"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1450","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6599-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McKing Consulting Corporation Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Global Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. Yaw","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Grosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Kassebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle Washington"},{"name":"Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zane","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen Elizabeth","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"The U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Jefferds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuguo","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Iron Deficiency Anaemia. 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