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Targeting the sympathetic nervous system directly therefore appears as an attractive therapeutic approach to restore impaired glucose metabolism. Indeed, lifestyle interventions, including healthier diets and exercise, have been shown to exert their beneficial effects at least in part by reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. Pharmacologic inhibition of exaggerated central sympathetic outflow has also been demonstrated to beneficially impact on body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. More recently, catheter\u2010based renal denervation, an intervention applied predominantly to lower elevated blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, revealed salutary effects on glucose metabolism. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of targeting the sympathetic nervous system directly and discuss how these approaches may best be embedded in routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T08:14:35Z","timestamp":1566202475000},"page":"80-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effects of sympathetic modulation in metabolic disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1454","author":[{"given":"Revathy","family":"Carnagarin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine \u2013 Royal Perth Hospital Unit\/Medical Research Foundation University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin W.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio G.","family":"Kiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine \u2013 Royal Perth Hospital Unit\/Medical Research Foundation University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis M.","family":"Nolde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine \u2013 Royal Perth Hospital Unit\/Medical Research Foundation University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vance B.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine \u2013 Royal Perth Hospital Unit\/Medical Research Foundation University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Eikelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology  Hawthorn Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus P.","family":"Schlaich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine \u2013 Royal Perth Hospital Unit\/Medical Research Foundation University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology Royal Perth Hospital  Perth Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0795-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2012.01730.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(00)00225-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0904179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.047332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpx033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"698","article-title":"An evaluation of the surgical treatment of hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Smithwick R.H.","year":"1949","journal-title":"Bull. 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