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Beyond its well\u2010established carcinogenic properties, emerging evidence also supports \u201charmful\u201d proinflammatory and neurodegenerative roles of <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>. On the other hand, <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> infection has been proposed to be \u201cprotective\u201d against several diseases, such as asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a relatively new, allergen\/immune\u2013mediated disease, which has also been linked to these considerations. Main arguments are a postulated shift of immune responses by <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> from T helper 2 (T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>2) to T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>1 polarization, as well as a potential decline of the <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> burden with the dramatic parallel rise of \u0395\u03bf\u0395: a series of observational studies reported an inverse association. In this review, we counter these arguments by providing further epidemiological data, which point out that this generalization might be rather incomplete. We also discuss the limitations of the existing studies evaluating a possible association. Furthermore, we provide current evidence on common pathogenetic components, which share both entities. In summary, the claim that <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic> is protective against EoE is rather incomplete, and further mechanistic studies are necessary to elucidate a possible association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T06:00:25Z","timestamp":1596866425000},"page":"59-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Reconsidering the \u201cprotective\u201d hypothesis of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection in eosinophilic esophagitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1481","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Doulberis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Second Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannis","family":"Kountouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Rogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1710945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03044-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2013.1.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and colorectal carcinoma: pathologic aspects","volume":"3","author":"Kapetanakis N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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