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H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S intoxication is lethal to humans and animals. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S contact to the eye can cause vision loss. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S toxicity to the cornea remain unclear, and no specific therapy exists to mitigate ocular damage from H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S. Here, we report H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2010induced cytotoxicity and the parameters contributing to the molecular mechanisms associated with corneal toxicity using primary human corneal stromal fibroblasts (hCSFs) <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) was used as a source of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, and the cytotoxicity of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S was determined by treating hCSF cells with varying concentrations of NaSH (0\u201310 mM) for 0\u201372 hours. Changes in cell proliferation, oxidative stress factors, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes were studied using standard commercial kits and qRT\u2010PCR. NaSH exposure to hCSFs showed dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent cytotoxicity. The IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of NaSH was determined to be 5.35 mM. NaSH 5.35\u00a0mM exposure led to significantly decreased cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase activity, increased ROS production, and increased expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes in hCSF cells. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\/NaSH exposure alters normal mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and fibrotic gene responses in corneal stromal fibroblasts <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T02:30:13Z","timestamp":1600655413000},"page":"207-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of hydrogen sulfide toxicity to human corneal stromal fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1480","author":[{"given":"Praveen K.","family":"Balne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry S. 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