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The design of appropriate experimental models is essential to have efficient and reliable approaches to study NMJ development and function, but also to generate conditions that recapitulate distinct features of diseases. Initial studies relied on the use of tissue slices maintained under the same environment and in which single motor axons were difficult to trace. Later, MNs and muscle cells were obtained from primary cultures or differentiation of progenitors and cocultured as monolayers; however, the tissue architecture was lost. Current approaches include self\u2010assembling 3D structures or the incorporation of biomaterials with cells to generate engineered tissues, although the incorporation of Schwann cells remains a challenge. Thus, numerous investigations have established different NMJ models, some of which are quite complex and challenging. Our review summarizes the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> models that have emerged in recent years to coculture MNs and skeletal muscle, trying to mimic the healthy and diseased NMJ. We expect our review may serve as a reference for choosing the appropriate experimental model for the required purposes of investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T04:02:45Z","timestamp":1602388965000},"page":"3-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modeling the neuromuscular junction <i>in vitro<\/i>: an approach to study neuromuscular junction disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1488","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Castellanos\u2010Montiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular\u2010Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular\u2010Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Reprogramaci\u00f3n Celular Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda \u201cManuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez\u201d  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzel","family":"Escobedo\u2010Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda Celular\u2010Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM)  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2017.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.130278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"3901","article-title":"Identity, developmental restriction and reactivity of extralaminar cells capping mammalian neuromuscular junctions","volume":"121","author":"Court F.A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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