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Epidemiological studies have also suggested that air pollution exposure is associated with increased cases of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and COVID\u201019\u2013associated mortality, although the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure affects viral infection and pathogenesis of COVID\u201019 remain unknown. In this review, we suggest potential molecular mechanisms that could account for this association. We have focused on the potential effect of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), and particulate matter (PM) since there are studies investigating how exposure to these pollutants affects the life cycle of other viruses. We have concluded that pollutant exposure may affect different stages of the viral life cycle, including inhibition of mucociliary clearance, alteration of viral receptors and proteases required for entry, changes to antiviral interferon production and viral replication, changes in viral assembly mediated by autophagy, prevention of uptake by macrophages, and promotion of viral spread by increasing epithelial permeability. We believe that exposure to pollutants skews adaptive immune responses toward bacterial\/allergic immune responses, as opposed to antiviral responses. Exposure to air pollutants could also predispose exposed populations toward developing COIVD\u201019\u2013associated immunopathology, enhancing virus\u2010induced tissue inflammation and damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T22:54:13Z","timestamp":1602024853000},"page":"15-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, COVID\u201019 pathogenesis, and exposure to air pollution: What is the connection?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1486","author":[{"given":"Brittany","family":"Woodby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department Plants for Human Health Institute, N.C. 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