{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T22:08:21Z","timestamp":1767996501387,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In spite of multiple program efforts in Ghana, progress in reducing the burden of anemia is slow. The objective was to conduct multilevel assessments of existing childhood (&lt;5 years) anemia prevention and treatment programs according to UNICEF's conceptual framework of malnutrition, and to elucidate implementation gaps in Ghana. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies recruited 25 program personnel from 20 organizations to participate in audiorecorded interviews conducted through in\u2010person, telephone, or email correspondence in August 2018. Interview guides constructed around UNICEF's conceptual framework of malnutrition identified context\u2010specific immediate, underlying, and basic causes of anemia, and corresponding programs. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using the Dedoose software version 8.1.8. Few programs addressed identified basic causes of anemia, such as inadequate human resources, housing\/water\/toilet facilities, and poverty\/poor access to financial resources. Organizations implemented programs addressing \u22651 underlying cause. Five organizations provided food rations and\/or supplements to address immediate causes. A key food\u2010based gap identified was minimal education on fruit intake or antinutritive factors in foods; however, no interventions included vitamin C supplements. Food manufacturers mainly used cereals and grains in commercial food products. Multiple organizations worked in the same region on anemia with instances of an overlapping program focus. Food sources of vitamin C or supplements could be promoted in food\u2010based interventions to increase the absorption of nonheme iron consumed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T03:43:08Z","timestamp":1608867788000},"page":"27-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Qualitative assessments of anemia\u2010related programs in Ghana reveal gaps and implementation challenges"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1492","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2538-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda A.Z.","family":"Abu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester Institute of Technology, College of Health Sciences and Technology Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Buttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester Institute of Technology, College of Health Sciences and Technology Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia D.","family":"Garror","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester Institute of Technology, College of Health Sciences and Technology Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Stefanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester Institute of Technology, College of Health Sciences and Technology Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition Rochester New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Sandow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Point Hope International Ghana Program Kasoa Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kinglsey A.","family":"Pereko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Medicine University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70001-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).1992.UNICEF Annual Report 1992. Accessed September 9 2018.https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/about\/history\/files\/unicef_annual_report_1992.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014","author":"Ghana Statistical Service (GSS)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"University of Ghana GroundWork University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison KEMRI\u2010Wellcome Trust UNICEF 2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02542.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5568-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195171693.001.0001","volume-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment","author":"Gibson R.S.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780642994.0058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"The impact of irrigation on the nutritional status of children (0\u201359 mo) in the Sissala West District of the Upper West Region of Ghana","volume":"4","author":"Steiner\u2010Asiedu M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Res. J. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2005.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Understanding anemia: guidance for conducting a landscape analysis","author":"SPRING","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"SPRING.2017.Reducing anemia in Ghana: the SPRING approach and lessons learned. Accessed September 12 2020.https:\/\/www.spring-nutrition.org\/sites\/default\/files\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"2018 Global Nutrition Report: shining a light to spur action on nutrition","author":"Development Initiatives","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572117737678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000466706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"5822","article-title":"Dietary intakes and iron status of vegetarian and nonvegetarian children in selected communities in Accra and Cape Coast, Ghana","volume":"12","author":"Osei\u2010Boadi K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Food Agr. Nutr. Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.135509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","article-title":"Affordable Nutritious Foods for Women (ANF4W): overview figure 1: ANF4W partner countries innovative approaches for alleviating micronutrient deficiencies in women of childbearing age","author":"Namdiero A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sight and Life Field report"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","article-title":"A demand driven approach to reduce micronutrient malnutrition in Ghana","author":"Gavin\u2010Smith B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sight and Life"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265120334S305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"Ghana Health Service (GHS).2017.Ghana Health Service \u2013 2016 Annual Report. Accessed September 9 2018.https:\/\/www.ghanahealthservice.org\/downloads\/GHS_ANNUAL_REPORT_2016_n.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60307-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.862S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165746"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Knowledge attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding iron deficiency (ID) among mothers in an anemia endemic population in Northern region of Ghana. Poster Presentations","volume":"9","author":"Abu B.A.Z.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14622","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000}}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.14538","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nyas.14538","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.14538","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T03:24:48Z","timestamp":1724124288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nyas.14538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nyas.14538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.14538","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/nyas.14622","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}