{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T14:56:27Z","timestamp":1774882587927,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess computer vision syndrome (CVS) in a preteen population through an adult\u2010validated CVS questionnaire and to evaluate how digital devices affect accommodative and binocular vision, we enrolled 309 preteens in this cross\u2010sectional study. An adult\u2010validated CVS questionnaire adapted to preteens was used for all subjects. Visual acuity testing, unilateral and alternate cover tests, and tests for accommodative and vergence responses were performed for all preteens. The mean age was 10.75 \u00b1 0.67 (10\u201312) years. Subjects were divided into two groups: the mild CVS group with a mean CVS score \u22642 and the severe CVS group with a mean CVS score &gt;2. Between the mild and severe CVS groups, statistically significant differences were found in near point of convergence break and recovery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02, respectively) and distance negative fusional vergence break and recovery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02 and <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.01, respectively). More children with severe CVS developed vergence disorders than those with mild CVS. Optometric clinical screening assessments could reduce ocular symptomatology and prevent long\u2010term effects. However, poor optometric findings might have occurred first, and the poor convergence skills resulted in the symptoms reported while using devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T15:02:24Z","timestamp":1609340544000},"page":"73-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Accommodative and binocular disorders in preteens with computer vision syndrome: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1492","author":[{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"De\u2010Hita\u2010Cantalejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0450-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9\u2010Mar\u00eda","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area University of Seville  Seville Spain"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry Tecnolaser Clinic Vision  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Capote\u2010Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area University of Seville  Seville Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672118815110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.819939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Impact of computer use on children's vision","volume":"13","author":"Kozeis N.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1082-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0364-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.16-04-0148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5904903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Computer vision syndrome: accomodative and vergence facility","volume":"21","author":"Rosenfield M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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