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Thiamine deficiency disorders (TDDs) have a range of clinical presentations that result in various morbidities and can be fatal if not promptly recognized and treated, especially in infants. To intervene, thiamine intakes by breastfeeding mothers and others at risk of thiamine deficiency should be increased to ensure adequate thiamine intake. Although thiamine fortification programs have a long history in high\u2010income countries, there are few mandatory fortification programs to address TDDs in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs), particularly in the regions of greatest concern, South and Southeast Asia. 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