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We investigated whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from M1 macrophages (M1\u2010EVs) have a proinflammatory effect on TMJ inflammation and what the associated mechanisms are.\t<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, purified THP\u20101 cell\u2013derived M1\u2010EVs were applied to human TMJ condylar chondrocytes, and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> M1\u2010EVs derived from bone marrow\u2013derived macrophages (BMDMs) were injected into rat TMJs. The levels of IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u20101\u03b2, and matrix metalloproteinase were then evaluated and found to be upregulated in the chondrocytes and rat TMJs. MicroRNA sequencing analysis was performed to identify differential expression of miRNAs, including miR\u20101246. High expression of miR\u20101246 in M1\u2010EVs from synovial fluid of patients with TMJ osteoarthritis and synovitis was verified by RT\u2010PCR. We then identified miR\u20101246 targets GSK3\u03b2 and Axin2 and found that miR\u20101246 inhibits GSK3\u03b2 and Axin2 expression, causing activation of the Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway and inflammation in condylar chondrocytes. Our study found that M1\u2010EVs promote inflammation by transfer of miR\u20101246 to condylar chondrocytes, thus providing new insight into one mechanism that can promote TMJ inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T02:21:18Z","timestamp":1616552478000},"page":"48-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Extracellular vesicles from M1\u2010polarized macrophages promote inflammation in the temporomandibular joint via miR\u20101246 activation of the Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1503","author":[{"given":"Sisi","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proghi.2006.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515574770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1341-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"50323","article-title":"Investigation of macrophage polarization using bone marrow derived macrophages","author":"Ying W.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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