{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:30:08Z","timestamp":1787596208116,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Designing a cost\u2010effective portfolio of micronutrient intervention programs is complex and generally undertaken with limited data. We developed the MINIMOD\u2010Secondary Data (MINIMOD\u2010SD) tool, which uses household consumption and expenditure survey data and other secondary data to estimate apparent nutrient intakes and model the effectiveness and cost\u2010effectiveness of micronutrient intervention programs. We present the SD tool methodology and results in the context of Cameroon, with a particular focus on vitamin A (VA) for children and folate for women of reproductive age (WRA). We compared the MINIMOD\u2010SD tool estimates with those of the full MINIMOD tool, which uses 24\u2010h dietary recall data. The SD tool consistently underestimated folate intake among women (median (IQR): 230 (143,352) versus 303 (244,367) \u03bcg dietary folate equivalents (DFEs)\/day) and especially VA among children (141 (64,279) versus 227 (102,369)). Qualitatively, however, the two tools were generally consistent in predicted subnational patterns of micronutrient adequacy and identification of effective and cost\u2010effective (cost per child\/WRA moving from inadequate to adequate intake) interventions. Secondary data and the MINIMOD\u2010SD tool can provide policymakers with information to qualitatively assess deficiency risks and identify cost\u2010effective interventions. However, accurately quantifying individual\u2010level deficiency or dietary inadequacy and intervention effectiveness and cost\u2010effectiveness will likely require individual\u2010level dietary data and biomarker measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T03:24:50Z","timestamp":1639106690000},"page":"100-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparing estimated cost\u2010effectiveness of micronutrient intervention programs using primary and secondary data: evidence from Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1510","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1060-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition Department of Nutrition University of California  Davis Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanqi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition Department of Nutrition University of California  Davis Davis California"},{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Vosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California  Davis Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Kagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kagin's Consulting  Vacaville California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6126-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Ngnie\u2010Teta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Keller International  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Ndjebayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Keller International  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules Guintang","family":"Assiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Keller International  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2446-6166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reina","family":"Engle\u2010Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Nutrition Department of Nutrition University of California  Davis Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients","author":"Allen L.H.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldt015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651503600105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572115599325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572115595888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572115598445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572115595889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) and University of California Davis.2021.Fortifying oil with vitamin A and wheat flour with zinc: predicted impact on nutritional outcomes lives saved and economic benefits. 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