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Here, we show that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are excellent candidates as a material for synthetic scaffolds to support the growth of chondrocytes\u2014the cells that produce and maintain cartilage. Chondrocyte morphology, proliferation, and alignment were investigated as nanoscale CNT networks were applied to macroscopically textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffolds. The application of CNTs to the surface of PDMS\u2010based scaffolds resulted in an up to 10\u2010fold increase in cell adherence and 240% increase in proliferation, which is attributable to increased nanoscale roughness and hydrophilicity. The introduction of macroscale features to PDMS induced alignment of chondrocytes, successfully mimicking the cell behavior observed in the superficial layer of cartilage. Raman spectroscopy was used as a noninvasive, label\u2010free method to monitor extracellular matrix production and chondrocyte phenotype. Chondrocytes on these scaffolds successfully produced collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and aggrecan. This study demonstrates that introducing physical features at different length scales allows for a high level of control over tissue scaffold design and, thus, cell behavior. Ultimately, these textured scaffolds can serve as platforms to improve the understanding of osteoarthritis and for early\u2010stage therapeutic testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T05:28:08Z","timestamp":1647322088000},"page":"48-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Biomimetic approach to articular cartilage tissue engineering using carbon nanotube\u2013coated and textured polydimethylsiloxane scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1513","author":[{"given":"Katr\u00edn Lind","family":"El\u00edd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford UK"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pre\u2010Clinical Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louie","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pre\u2010Clinical Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pre\u2010Clinical Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Jurewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.3.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am302902d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603512444722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la304414j"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am405097w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416678-3.00004-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2003.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.6b00222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11595-014-1043-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.01.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2012.0580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2018.0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.105452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Nakatani S. 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