{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:01:52Z","timestamp":1790805712179,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Melodic Intonation Therapy\u00a0(MIT) is a prominent rehabilitation program for individuals with post\u2010stroke aphasia. Our meta\u2010analysis investigated the efficacy of MIT while considering quality of outcomes, experimental design, influence of spontaneous recovery, MIT protocol variant, and level of generalization. Extensive literature search identified 606\u00a0studies in major databases and trial registers; of those, 22\u00a0studies\u2014overall 129\u00a0participants\u2014met all eligibility criteria. Multi\u2010level mixed\u2010 and random\u2010effects models served to separately meta\u2010analyze randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non\u2010RCT data. RCT evidence on validated outcomes revealed a small\u2010to\u2010moderate standardized effect in noncommunicative language expression for MIT\u2014with substantial uncertainty. Unvalidated outcomes attenuated MIT's effect size compared to validated tests. MIT's effect size was 5.7\u00a0times larger for non\u2010RCT data compared to RCT data (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      g\u0305\n                      <jats:sub>case report<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2.01 vs.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      g\u0305\n                      <jats:sub>RCT<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.35 for validated Non\u2010Communicative Language Expression measures). Effect size for non\u2010RCT data decreased with number of months post\u2010stroke, suggesting confound through spontaneous recovery. Deviation from the original MIT protocol did not systematically alter benefit from treatment. Progress on validated tests arose mainly from gains in repetition tasks rather than other domains of verbal expression, such as everyday communication ability. Our results confirm the promising role of MIT in improving trained and untrained performance on unvalidated outcomes, alongside validated repetition tasks, and highlight possible limitations in promoting everyday communication ability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]],"date-time":"2022-08-02T23:05:15Z","timestamp":1659481515000},"page":"76-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Melodic Intonation Therapy for aphasia: A multi\u2010level meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials and individual participant data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1516","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tudor","family":"Popescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Centre for Mind and Brain Sciences University of Trento  Rovereto Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3957-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Medical School Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9560-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenton M.","family":"Wiernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Haiduk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Zemanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Library University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Helm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Medical School Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5414-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Matzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of English University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Centre of Language Evolution Studies Nicolaus Copernicus University Toru\u0144  Toru\u0144 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Beisteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. 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