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In a sample of 37 adolescents (20 musicians and 17 nonmusicians) that was compared to a control group matched for age, gender, and musical experience, we conducted a 2\u2010week active listening training (AULOS: Active IndividUalized Listening OptimizationS). Using magnetoencephalography and psychoacoustic tests, the short\u2010term plasticity of auditory evoked fields and auditory skills were examined in a pre\u2010post design, adapted to the individual neuro\u2010auditory profiles. We found bilateral, but more pronounced plastic changes in the right auditory cortex. Moreover, we observed synchronization of the auditory evoked P1, N1, and P2 responses and threefold larger amplitudes of the late P2 response, similar to the reported effects of musical long\u2010term training. Auditory skills and thresholds benefited largely from the AULOS training. Remarkably, after training, the mean thresholds improved by 12\u00a0dB for bone conduction and by 3\u20134\u00a0dB for air conduction. Thus, our findings indicate a strong positive influence of active listening training on neural auditory processing and perception in adolescence, when the auditory system is still developing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T01:40:17Z","timestamp":1663378817000},"page":"176-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Short\u2010term plasticity of neuro\u2010auditory processing induced by musical active listening training"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1517","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology University of Heidelberg Medical School  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism University of Heidelberg Medical School  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Jazeps Vitols Latvian Academy of Music  Riga 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