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Therefore, we evaluated the roles of CLDNs in hair retention. Among the 27 CLDN family members, CLDN1, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN6, and CLDN7 were expressed in the inner bulge layer, isthmus, and sebaceous gland of murine HFs. Hair phenotypes were observed in <jats:italic>Cldn1<\/jats:italic> weaker knockdown and <jats:italic>Cldn3<\/jats:italic>\u2010knockout (<jats:italic>Cldn1<jats:sup>\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:sup>Cldn3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>) mice. Although hair growth was normal, <jats:italic>Cldn1<jats:sup>\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:sup>Cldn3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> mice showed striking hair loss in the first telogen. Simultaneous deficiencies in CLDN1 and CLDN3 caused abnormalities in telogen HFs, such as an aberrantly layered architecture of epithelial cell sheets in bulges with multiple cell layers, mislocalization of bulges adjacent to sebaceous glands, and dilated hair canals. Along with the telogen HF abnormalities, which shortened the hair retention period, there was an enhanced proliferation of the epithelium surrounding HFs in <jats:italic>Cldn1<jats:sup>\u0394\/\u0394<\/jats:sup>Cldn3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> mice, causing accelerated hair regrowth in adults. Our findings suggested that CLDN1 and CLDN3 may regulate hair retention in infant mice by maintaining the appropriate layered architecture of HFs, a deficiency of which can lead to alopecia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T03:20:21Z","timestamp":1680319221000},"page":"51-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Double mutation of <i>claudin\u20101<\/i> and <i>claudin\u20103<\/i> causes alopecia in infant mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1523","author":[{"given":"Koya","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization Teikyo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Barriology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Frontier 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