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Recently, decision neuroscience has shown the importance of monitoring alternative control strategies. However, this insight has not been incorporated into current neurocognitive models of emotional control. Here, we integrate insights from decision and affective sciences into a novel viewpoint on emotion control, the Flexible Emotion Control Theory (FECT). This theory explains how an individual can flexibly change emotion\u2010regulatory behavior to adapt to varying goals and contextual demands. Crucially, FECT proposes that rapid switching between alternative emotional control strategies requires concurrent evaluation of current as well as alternative (unchosen) options. The neural implementation of FECT relies on the involvement of distinct prefrontal structures, including the lateral frontal pole (FPl) and its connections with other cortical (prefrontal, parietal, motor) and subcortical systems. This novel account of emotion control integrates insights from decision sciences, clinical research, as well as meta\u2010analytic evidence for the consistent FPl involvement during emotional control when monitoring of alternative emotional control strategies is required. Moreover, it provides novel, neurocognitively grounded starting points for interventions to improve emotion control in affective disorders, such as anxiety and aggression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T01:09:56Z","timestamp":1683853796000},"page":"28-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A neurocognitive theory of flexible emotion control: The role of the lateral frontal pole in emotion regulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1525","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Roelofs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0752-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bob","family":"Bramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Toni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2012.739998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611418350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10001-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u20103514.53.4.712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Descartes\u2019 error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain","author":"Damasio A. 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