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However, the causal role of these regions in the inhibitory network is undefined. Five patients with Parkinson's disease were assessed prior to and after therapeutic thermal ablation of the right STN in two separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions while performing a stop\u2010signal task. Initiation times were faster but motor inhibition with the left hand (contralateral to the lesion) was significantly impaired as evident in prolonged stop\u2010signal reaction times. Reduced inhibition after right subthalamotomy was associated (during successful inhibition) with the recruitment of basal ganglia regions outside the established inhibitory network. They included the putamen and caudate together with the anterior cingulate cortex and IFG of the left hemisphere. Subsequent network connectivity analysis (with the seed over the nonlesioned left STN) revealed a new inhibitory network after right subthalamotomies. Our results highlight the causal role of the right STN in the neural network for motor inhibition and the possible basal ganglia mechanisms for compensation upon losing a key node of the inhibition network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T13:00:06Z","timestamp":1723122006000},"page":"117-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The causal role of the subthalamic nucleus in the inhibitory network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1538","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Obeso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CINC\u2010CSIC  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis R.","family":"Loayza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging and BioEngineering Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnic University (ESPOL)  Guayaquil Ecuador"},{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Neurom\u00e9dico  Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Villagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elkin","family":"Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory, Neurosciences Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Jahanshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive\u2010Motor Neuroscience Group, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology &amp; 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