{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:14:17Z","timestamp":1788257657530,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The joint position reproduction (JPR) approach is commonly used to assess joint position sense (JPS), but its psychometric properties in children remain unexplored. This study aimed to assess the reliability and precision of a multi\u2010joint JPR protocol for assessing lower\u2010limb JPS in typically developing (TD) children. Ankle, knee, and hip JPS were assessed in TD children (aged 5\u201312 years), on two different days, by a single rater using a standardized JPR protocol. The mean and best error (joint reproduction error, \u00b0) between the target and reproduction angle were calculated from three\u2010dimensional kinematics for each joint across three trials. Total, joint, and limb JRE scores were provided. For JPR reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 2.1) was reported. For JPR precision, the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD) were calculated. Across 270 JPR trials (15 children, 8.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2 years, 8 boys), the mean and best JRE were 3.7\u00b0 and 2.5\u00b0, respectively. The ICC ranged from poor to fair (0.01\u20130.44) for mean JRE, and fair to very good (0.46\u20130.77) for best JRE. The SEM ranged from 0.8\u00b0 to 1.8\u00b0. The SDD was less than 5\u00b0, ranging from 2.3\u00b0 to 4.5\u00b0. Evaluating ankle, knee, and hip JPS in children using passive JPR is more reliable and precise when using the best JRE. This study highlights the need for a multi\u2010joint JPR approach and provide joint\u2010 and limb\u2010specific SEM and SDD values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T02:39:56Z","timestamp":1742697596000},"page":"144-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multi\u2010joint approach for assessing lower limb proprioception: Reliability and precision in school\u2010aged children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1546","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0349-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium"},{"name":"Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"van den Bogaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Hallemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI) University of Antwerp Antwerpen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Meyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy Hasselt University Diepenbeek Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Motor control: Translating research into clinical practice","author":"Shumway\u2010Cook A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.175372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4159-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.08.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00820-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.9.1.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children9101443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-57"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.038554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.11.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509333012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0566-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2022.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315573055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14038190310009894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-014-0255-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181bcb155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2017-0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03638-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120982309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02822-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980115)17:1<101::AID-SIM727>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00122.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2016.1241744"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040500488522"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Reliability of joint position sense and force\u2010reproduction measures during internal and external rotation of the shoulder","volume":"38","author":"Dover G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh568"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2022.830166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2021.594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120982309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2012.00066"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Quantifying test\u2010retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM","volume":"19","author":"Weir J. P.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00885.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh639"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00007.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/34.2.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01071-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"The effects of age and skill level on knee musculature co\u2010contraction during functional activities: A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Ford K. R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Biomechanics in applications","author":"Fernando R.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593980701378173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09593980903300470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies T. L. Parsons R. &Tan T.(2020).Robotic assessments of proprioception and the impact of age. In42nd annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) Montreal QC Canada (pp.5171\u20135175).","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176618"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Reliability and accuracy of joint position sense measurement in the laboratory and clinic; utilising a new system","volume":"45","author":"Nasseri N.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Medica Iranica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-019-0261-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1298\/jjpta.6.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2014.10.004"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.15305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T09:06:27Z","timestamp":1748336787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nyas.15305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nyas.15305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.15305","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15305\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.06.19.24308933","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}