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As a first line of immunity in humans, macrophages can phagocytose and kill\n                    <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; yet macrophages can also provide a favorable ecological niche for its proliferation and immune escape. Using dual\u2010transcriptome analysis, which allows for the exploration of transcriptional expression levels in pathogen\u2013host interactions, we aimed to quantitatively measure host (RAW264.7 macrophage) immune responses to strains of\n                    <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n                    with different virulence, including transcriptional changes in both host and fungus. We evaluated 31 strains of\n                    <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and divided them into high virulence (HV) and low virulence (LV) based on phenotype. Compared to the LV strains, the HV strains inhibited development of M1 macrophages, killing of the HV strains by macrophages was weaker, and transcription levels of virulence and growth genes were increased. We also found that macrophages after contact with HV\n                    <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains had high expression of genes related to cell adhesion but lower expression of those related to antigen presentation, immune response, and oxidative stress. Inhibition of macrophage immune response to HV\n                    <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Our data add to what is known about the mechanisms of immune escape by\n                    <jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T01:20:07Z","timestamp":1749691207000},"page":"230-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dual\u2010transcriptome analyses of high\u2010 and low\u2010virulence strains of\n                    <i>Cryptococcus gattii<\/i>\n                    cocultured with RAW264.7 macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1549","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5668-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy Army Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Southwest Hospital Jiangbei Area (The 958th hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army)  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Centre Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital  Beijing 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