{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:36:44Z","timestamp":1786721804819,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1659604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1659604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM103436\u201024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM103436\u201024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Both mammals and non\u2010mammalian vertebrates display neuroimmune interactions after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the impact of the immune response on neural regeneration remains unclear as it includes both proregenerative and inhibitory processes. To begin to understand how neuroimmune interactions influence central nervous system (CNS) regeneration, we examined the distribution of microglia\/macrophages in relation to regenerating axons in larval sea lamprey (\n                    <jats:italic>Petromyzon marinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a non\u2010mammalian vertebrate that exhibits robust axon and synapse regeneration after SCI. The relationship between microglia\/macrophages and spinal axons was examined in cryosections of control and transected spinal cords using immunofluorescence. SCI significantly increased microglia\/macrophage density within the spinal cord, as shown by isolectin B\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    labeling. At 11 weeks post\u2010injury (WPI), microglia\/macrophages made physical contacts with regenerating axons, on average a three\u2010fold increase compared to controls. These results are consistent with the conclusion that microglia\/macrophage infiltration is associated with axon regeneration. Understanding the importance of these neuroimmune interactions could bring insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote regeneration in the mammalian CNS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T15:33:43Z","timestamp":1750865623000},"page":"250-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic microglia\/macrophage infiltration during spinal cord regeneration in larval sea lamprey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1549","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Guadarrama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois 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