{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:13:40Z","timestamp":1789143220472,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Growing concerns about the impact of social media on youth mental health have been a topic of particular interest. However, maladaptive patterns of use, such as problematic social media use (PSMU), do not currently have official diagnostic recognition as a possible behavioral addiction. This commentary discusses PSMU within a framework of addictive behavior and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. In addition, opportunities to prevent and mitigate PSMU in public health policy and practice are explored, including health protection, preventive interventions, assessment and surveillance, and health promotion. This comprehensive approach incorporates learning from existing public health frameworks and parallels to behavioral and substance use addictions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T13:08:49Z","timestamp":1751288929000},"page":"14-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Beyond problematic social media use and the brain: A public health and policy perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1550","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5858-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly","family":"Shannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3852-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Kamyabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madison","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceinwen","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver Coastal Health  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9169-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Hellemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1582-725X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Synthia","family":"Guimond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Carleton University  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Psycho\u00e9ducation et Psychologie Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec en Outaouais  Gatineau Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Number of worldwide social network users","author":"Dixon S. J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Average daily time spent on social media worldwide 2012\u20132024","author":"Dixon S. J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Social Media and Youth Mental Health: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory","author":"Office of the Surgeon General (OSG)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/27396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70135\/seejph.vi.2564"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/33450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S450217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1247807"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407724-9.00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106699"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501\u2010517"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ADDBEH.2016.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106845"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14659890500114359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.5741"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2022.100473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469\u2010025\u201001461\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022).ICD\u201011: International classification of diseases (11th revision).https:\/\/icd.who.int\/en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.12790"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469\u2010024\u201001440\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2025.108307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010015\u20100020\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2021.0300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519\u2010024\u201001685\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(16)00104\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1511480"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nst006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616645673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsy051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.4924"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107431"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.508595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2023.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","volume-title":"New EU rules needed to make digital platforms less addictive","author":"Yakimova Y.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2022.0027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301766"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010021\u201011906\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201090984\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","volume-title":"Substance use spectrum","author":"Health Canada","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159\u2010023\u201000153\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","unstructured":"Griffiths M.(2024).Weapons of mass distraction and addiction by design: What techniques do social media operators use to increase user engagement?"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.14245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16142612"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33684\/CFHG3.en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/714365"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teler.2022.100017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","volume-title":"A window of opportunity to regulate addictive technologies","author":"Bernstein G.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20501579231212062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","volume-title":"Lower the Stakes: A Public Health Approach to Gambling in British Columbia: Provincial Health Officer's 2009 Annual Report","author":"British Columbia Provincial Health Officer","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","unstructured":"Messmer A.(2021).Australia wants kids under 16 to get parental consent to use social media platforms.Newsweek.https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/australia\u2010wants\u2010kids\u2010under\u201016\u2010get\u2010parental\u2010consent\u2010use\u2010social\u2010media\u2010platforms\u20101642319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","unstructured":"Murthy V. H.(2024).Opinion | Surgeon General: Why I'm calling for a warning label on social media platforms.The New York Times.https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/06\/17\/opinion\/social\u2010media\u2010health\u2010warning.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","volume-title":"Tobacco Reporting Regulations: Tobacco and Vaping Products Act","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. (2024).Social media screening questions for electronic medical record systems.https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en\/patient\u2010care\/media\u2010and\u2010children\/center\u2010of\u2010excellence\u2010on\u2010social\u2010media\u2010and\u2010youth\u2010mental\u2010health\/qa\u2010portal\/qa\u2010portal\u2010library\/qa\u2010portal\u2010library\u2010questions\/social\u2010media\u2010screening\u2010questions\u2010for\u2010electronic\u2010medical\u2010record\u2010systems\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v10i2.8270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586\u2010020\u201000828\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socimp.2023.100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","volume-title":"Social media use, connections and relationships in Canadian adolescents: Findings from the 2018 Health Behaviour in School\u2010aged Children (HBSC) Study","author":"Pickett W.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429\u2010022\u201000458\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","unstructured":"Bielski Z.(2024).Need a mini digital detox? These screen\u2010free spaces nudge people offline and back into real life.The Globe and Mail.https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/article\u2010screen\u2010free\u2010spaces\u2010and\u2010social\u2010events\u2010embolden\u2010people\u2010to\u2010claim\u2010more\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","unstructured":"Mothers Against Media Addiction. (2025).MAMA.https:\/\/www.joinmama.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","unstructured":"Unplugged. (2024).Unplugged Canada.http:\/\/unpluggedcanada.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","unstructured":"Free The Anxious Generation. (2024).Anxious Generation.https:\/\/www.anxiousgeneration.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brevers D. &Turel O.(2019).Strategies for self\u2010controlling social media use: Classification and role in preventing social media addiction symptoms.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.8.2019.49","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469\u2010022\u201000826\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","unstructured":"Center for Digital Thriving.https:\/\/digitalthriving.gse.harvard.edu\/resources\/"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.15409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:55:05Z","timestamp":1758722105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nyas.15409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nyas.15409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.15409","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/NYAS.15409\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}