{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:48:42Z","timestamp":1791632922954,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The brain's ability to associate information from different sensory modalities, known as cross\u2010modal integration, is crucial for forming a coherent perception of objects and events. When such associations follow systematic and predictable patterns, they are referred to as cross\u2010modal correspondences. Humans, for example, tend to associate large objects with low\u2010pitched sounds and small objects with high\u2010pitched sounds, a phenomenon known as pitch\u2013size cross\u2010modal correspondence. This phenomenon has been documented in several vertebrate species, yet direct experimental evidence in avian species remains comparatively limited. Here, we tested African penguins using a preferential choice paradigm in which individuals chose between two cubes of different sizes after hearing either a high\u2010 or low\u2010pitched sound. Following passive exposure to congruent pitch\u2013size pairings, penguins chose larger objects following low\u2010pitched sounds and smaller objects following high\u2010pitched sounds, indicating that auditory pitch guided their visual size choices. Given that individuals were pre\u2010exposed to a limited set of pitch\u2013size pairings, this effect may reflect either a preexisting bias consistent with cross\u2010modal correspondences or the generalization of a learned association. Nevertheless, these findings demonstrate that penguins can integrate auditory and visual information to guide their behavior and generalize a systematic pitch\u2013size relationship across sensory dimensions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T13:29:27Z","timestamp":1781184567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sound Guides Object Size Choices in African Penguins Through Pitch\u2013Size Association"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1560","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1060-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Terranova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8808-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"D'Orazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin  Turin Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Pilenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoomarine Openature Rome  Torvaianica Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Baciadonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9261-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Reby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (CRNL) Jean Monnet University Saint\u2010Etienne France"},{"name":"Institut universitaire de France Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-472X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livio","family":"Favaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"790","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Synesthesia","author":"Parise C.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2012.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808\u201000002509"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414\u2010010\u20100073\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.4.2.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF031937200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2014.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808\u201000002502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1422011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20101523.13.3.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20103445.116.4.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322705111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797609354734"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p2984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2014.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016391"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2021.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2024.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adq7188"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.24.634651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2014.12.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.211647","article-title":"High\u2010Pitch Sounds Small for Domestic Dogs: Abstract Crossmodal Correspondences Between Auditory Pitch and Visual Size","volume":"9","author":"Korzeniowska A. T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056717"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Human Body Perception From the Inside Out: Advances in Visual Cognition","author":"Ernst M. O.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","volume-title":"Acoustic Theory of Speech Production","author":"Fant G.","year":"1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"Principles of Voice Production","author":"Titze I. R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006659117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.13364"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071\u2010023\u201001806\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2021.1463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2023.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.Cook A.Wright andD.Kendrick \u201cVisual Categorization by Pigeons \u201d inBehavioral Approaches to Pattern Recognition and Concept Formation ed.M. L.Commons R. J.Herrnstein S. M.Kosslyn andD. B.Mumford(Psychology Press 2019):187\u2013214 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315788999\u201010.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315788999-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2217692120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097\u20107403.32.4.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.63.3.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199571932.013.016","volume-title":"The Use of Praat in Corpus Research","author":"Boersma P.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20105884.2009.00394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/qhy8m","volume-title":"Evolutionary Drivers of Neophobia Across the Avian Clade","author":"Miller R.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808\u201020191407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.12584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vision7010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ\u20102017\u2010066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00378"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169\u20107439(89)80095\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/i0526ic"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2022.105764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1606"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70432","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000}}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.70313","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nyas.70313","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.70313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:39:25Z","timestamp":1791484765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nyas.70313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nyas.70313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.70313","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70313"}}