{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T13:06:52Z","timestamp":1789218412781,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In child sexual abuse trials, attorneys often use demonstrative anaphors, such as\n                    <jats:italic>it<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>that<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>this<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>these<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>those<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to refer to children's earlier statements, questions, or portions of them. For example, after a child says, \u201cHe left the room,\u201d an attorney may ask, \u201cWhat happened after that?\u201d Here,\n                    <jats:italic>that<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an anaphor referring to the multi\u2010word statement \u201cHe left the room.\u201d To answer such questions, children must identify the intended referent and retrieve the relevant information, increasing cognitive load and potentially leading to brief responses or misunderstanding. We examined how the anaphors\n                    <jats:italic>it, that, this, these<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>those<\/jats:italic>\n                    shaped responses from 5\u2010 to 10\u2010year\u2010old children in 40 trial testimonies comprising 12,314 question\u2013answer (Q\u2013A) pairs. Prosecuting and defense attorneys frequently used anaphora, appearing in 30% of Q\u2013A pairs. When anaphors replaced multi\u2010word or compound referents rather than single\u2010word referents, children's elaboration decreased. Contrary to expectations and prior studies, children elaborated more when a Q\u2013A pair contained multiple anaphors. Elaboration and misunderstanding also increased when children, rather than attorneys, first introduced an anaphor. We conclude that those questioning children about sexual abuse should avoid using anaphora for multi\u2010word or compound referents and promptly clarify any anaphoric referent to reduce misunderstanding or incomprehension.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1785408225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of Anaphora in Criminal Cases of Alleged Child Sexual Abuse:\n                    <i>It<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>That<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>This<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>These<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Those<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1562","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7881-6673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen E.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California (Gould School of Law)  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8082-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacia N.","family":"Stolzenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University (Criminology and Criminal Justice)  Phoenix Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118881248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.4257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260521997941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Anaphora Processing: Linguistic, Cognitive and Computational Modelling","author":"Gundel J. 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