{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T13:06:51Z","timestamp":1789218411580,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Focal hand dystonia in musicians is a task\u2010specific movement disorder that can impair professional performance, and effective rehabilitative treatments remain limited. Prior work suggested that bi\u2010hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paired with bimanual mirror\u2010movement training may transiently improve fine motor control in affected pianists. This case\u2010control pilot study tested whether extending this approach to three consecutive days would produce detectable and sustained benefit. Ten professional pianists with unilateral musician's dystonia and 10\u00a0matched healthy pianists received 30 min of bi\u2010hemispheric tDCS over sensorimotor cortices while performing bimanual mirrored finger exercises on three\u00a0consecutive days, with follow\u2010up assessment 10 days later. After exclusions, analyses included eight patients and eight controls for Musical Instrument Digital Interface\u2010based motor outcomes and six patients and eight controls for video ratings. As anticipated, dystonia patients showed poorer temporal motor control and lower subjective performance ratings than controls. However, the protocol did not produce significant group\u2010level improvement in objective motor performance, expert\u2010rated movement impairment or regularity, or subjective performance, nor was benefit retained at 10\u00a0days. Video ratings of movement impairment showed acceptable reliability, whereas regularity ratings did not. These findings do not support detectable efficacy of this consecutive\u2010day protocol under the present conditions and highlight the need for larger randomized, sham\u2010controlled studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T13:08:02Z","timestamp":1787231282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three\u2010Day Bi\u2010Hemispheric tDCS With Motor Training Shows No Improvement in Pianist's With Musician's Dystonia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1562","author":[{"given":"Isabella","family":"Ampomah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gro\u00dfbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckart","family":"Altenm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20101331.2010.03048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010031\u201026220\u20103_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010031\u201026220\u20103_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010012\u20103102\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2015.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13060371"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.7208.2020421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyu047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103437"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21091\/mppa.2015.3033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1170\u201014.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12659"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805413106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40734\u2010021\u201000092\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10671"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Measurement of Subjective Phenomena in Primary Care Research: The Visual Analogue Scale","volume":"13","author":"Miller M. 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