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However, these dynamics are perceived quite differently: music as rhythmic, and speech as quasi\u2010rhythmic. Here, we aim to identify whether this distinction between rhythm and quasi\u2010rhythm is sourced from the raw acoustic waveform by analyzing the modulation spectrum of the acoustic envelope. We analyzed several large corpora on three scales: the coarsest scale containing recordings of each corpus, the intermediate scale of individual speakers\/songs, and the finest scale of individual sentences or short musical segments. We confirm previous findings that speech and music modulation spectra differ in their center frequency, which reflects how quickly the sound envelope fluctuates, but find that the modulation bandwidth, which captures how periodic the speech\/music envelope was, is comparable for music and speech. Furthermore, the bandwidth is largely preserved across the three scales, indicating that the corpus\u2010level temporal irregularity is dominated by the irregularity within a few seconds of speech\/music recordings. These results demonstrate that the perceived rhythmicity of music may not directly reflect the temporal periodicity present in its acoustic structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T20:08:54Z","timestamp":1787083734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Music Is Quasi\u2010Rhythmic Too: Comparing Bandwidth in Speech and Music Acoustic Modulation Spectra"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1562","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Nanhu Brain\u2010computer Interface Institute  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu Pham","family":"Van Cang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Pasteur, AP\u2010HP, INSERM, CNRS, Fondation Pour l'Audition, Institut de l'Audition, IHU reConnect Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Nanhu Brain\u2010computer Interface Institute  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Innovation Center for Smart Medical Technologies &amp; Devices Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Morillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Syst\u00e8mes  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith B.","family":"Doelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Institut Pasteur, AP\u2010HP, INSERM, CNRS, Fondation Pour l'Audition, Institut de l'Audition, IHU reConnect Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Music, Language, and the Brain","author":"Patel A. 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