{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:01:16Z","timestamp":1790431276872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":197,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2021\u2212034044\u2010I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2021\u2212034044\u2010I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021\u2010122314OB\u2010I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021\u2010122314OB\u2010I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tropical easterly waves (TEWs) serve as precursors to most Atlantic tropical cyclones and strongly modulate the hydrological cycle over West Africa, the tropical Atlantic, and the Caribbean region. Despite significant advances, uncertainties remain regarding the processes governing TEW maintenance and intensification, the relationship with tropical cyclogenesis, and future projections of TEW activity under global warming. Progress on these fronts is constrained by persistent disparities in tracking methodologies, limited observational understanding of moisture\u2013convection feedbacks across scales, and the inability of global climate models to resolve small\u2010scale processes. This review synthesizes the current state of TEW research, from genesis and tracking methodologies to the multiscale impacts of TEWs on tropical cyclogenesis and regional precipitation, and accounts for the modulation of climate variability modes and future behavior under global warming. We also propose a coordinated research roadmap, including a community\u2010driven intercomparison initiative analogous to those successfully implemented for other complex atmospheric phenomena to reconcile uncertainties in tracking methodologies. In addition, we stress the need for intensive field campaigns to validate high\u2010resolution convection\u2010permitting modeling and train artificial intelligence\u2013driven algorithms. Taken together, these initiatives provide a pathway to resolve outstanding uncertainties and improve the reliability of future TEW projections under global warming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:08:42Z","timestamp":1790330922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tropical Easterly Waves in the Tropical North Atlantic Basin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1563","author":[{"given":"Orlando L.","family":"C\u00f3rdova\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a Universidade De Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab)  Ourense Spain"},{"name":"Centro Meteorol\u00f3gico Provincial Instituto De Meteorolog\u00eda  Ciego de \u00c1vila Cuba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogert","family":"Sor\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a Universidade De Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab)  Ourense Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo M.","family":"Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Universidade De Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento De Meteorologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro  Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a Universidade De Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab)  Ourense Spain"},{"name":"Climate System Research Unit UVigo\u2010CESGA  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Gimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a Universidade De Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab)  Ourense Spain"},{"name":"Climate System Research Unit UVigo\u2010CESGA  Santiago de Compostela Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milica","family":"Stojanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a Universidade De Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab)  Ourense Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albenis","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro De Investigaci\u00f3n Mari\u00f1a Universidade De Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab)  Ourense Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100469(1972)029<0077:TOASOE>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100469(1974)031<1556:CONAEW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1977)105<0317:TSAPOA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201016\u20100454.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010023\u201007025\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2025.108727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JAS2575.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100477\u201025.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","volume-title":"Waves in the Easterlies and the Polar Front in the Tropics","author":"Riehl H.","year":"1945"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1968)096<0251:ATD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1969)097<0716:SROADA>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1977)105<0334:TEOAWD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009BAMS2728.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u201087\u201012\u20101739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS3742.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR2884.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI3920.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201025\u20100175.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98GL02152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003820050316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002816"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010019\u201004996\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1992)120<2688:ATSO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1993)121<1703:ACOIMA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL071236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612\u2010025\u201001014\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025JD044501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201016\u20100822.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11040353"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010021\u201005838\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247\u2010024\u201001981\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gdj3.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JCLI3223.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201020\u20100389.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201021\u20100482.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712051809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712051810"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49712152706"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR2916.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JAS2552.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2011JCLI3900.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201023\u20100196.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201019\u20100019.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2008.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201021\u20100321.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI1533.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp\u201019\u20101623\u20102019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD032138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703\u2010011\u20100167\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023MS004070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201012\u20100342.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201011\u201000232.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201012\u201000147.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201011\u201000170.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd\u201017\u20104213\u20102024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019MS001706"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS3741.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2023.1223939"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201023\u20100145.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201024\u20100232.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009BAMS2755.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201012\u201000254.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010010\u20100851\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.2110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201015\u20100145.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01029944"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JAS3118.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GL099090"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201017\u20100184.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(2004)132<1661:MSAWDD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2007MWR1996.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp\u20109\u20105587\u20102009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100442(2001)014<1166:AEWVAI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(2003)131<2012:ACORRD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.4909"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201015\u20100277.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1994)122<2573:AGMFTA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1995)123<3458:FTOTUS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1999)127<1362:ACFFT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201015\u20100106.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/waf\u2010d\u201017\u20100130.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201025\u20100113.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR3343.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010018\u20104465\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201018\u20100071.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.4850"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u2010D\u201011\u201000154.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd\u201015\u20106759\u20102022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JD036155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1969)097<0256:SHOTAD>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1999)127<2266:TLLSOA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JD039957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201024\u20100195.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF\u2010D\u201024\u20100192.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.3803"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201020\u20100222.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010010\u20100894\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100493(1987)115<2598:MTMVOT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI3685.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201017\u20100217.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119548164.ch17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025GL116968"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL076081"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703\u2010011\u20100145\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039467\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GL112178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612\u2010024\u201000762\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JCLI3198.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI4953.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL029683"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201013\u201000687.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.2107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u2010D\u201012\u201000026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201014\u201000146.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201010\u201005028.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2523.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201011\u201000122.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201020\u20100152.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201019\u20100070.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201020\u20100339.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JD040858"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009MWR2760.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JAS3396.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00877023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/mwr3259.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.2439"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp\u201010\u201010803\u20102010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JAS3420.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2010JAS3435.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2011MWR3604.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u2010D\u201011\u201000046.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025JD045516"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201015\u20100237.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201018\u20100065.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.4720"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201012\u201000217.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201024\u20100125.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GL112002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JD037471"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201013\u2010043.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100442(1992)005<0435:TSABWS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520\u20100442(1996)009<1169:PMFTAO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022MS003181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201018\u20100862.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GL100590"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201021\u20100922.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI\u2010D\u201018\u20100554.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcrr.2023.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL105491"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JCLI2241.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL014371"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR\u2010D\u201014\u201000419.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003967"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382\u2010014\u20102120\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL104159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI1855.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI1906.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11090959"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JAS2988.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ecas2017\u201004151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319597111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584\u2010014\u20101097\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2026GL122074"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.113609"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/oceans2020024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd\u20109\u20104185\u20102016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GL112341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025MS005146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/259529"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201018\u20100161.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2024.107822"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL095774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20109326\/ade609"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp\u201024\u201012161\u20102024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp\u201017\u2010675\u20102021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201021\u20100157.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd\u201011\u20102455\u20102018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u2010D\u201025\u20100057.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2025JD044985"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/wcd\u20104\u2010639\u20102023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.2047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS\u2010D\u201013\u20100305.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp\u201017\u201012145\u20102017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376\u2010017\u20107091\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2019.0547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u2010D\u201020\u20100020.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2025.100781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/WAF\u2010D\u201025\u20100200.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS\u2010D\u201024\u20100063.1"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.70415","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nyas.70415","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.70415","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:12:47Z","timestamp":1790428367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nyas.70415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":197,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nyas.70415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.70415","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70415"}}