{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:48:42Z","timestamp":1791632922391,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Reliable engineering prediction requires accuracy, interpretability, physical consistency, and uncertainty awareness. Concrete\u2010filled circular steel tubes (CCFSTs) axial capacity is a representative case because it is governed by coupled material, geometric, confinement, and instability effects. Existing formulas are transparent but often inflexible, whereas black\u2010box machine learning models can be accurate but are difficult to audit directly. This study proposes a physics\u2010guided symbolic model (PI\u2010ResGEP) that combines dimensionless \u03c0\u2010group regression, mechanism\u2010aware feature selection, residual diagnosis, and conformal uncertainty quantification. The explicit backbone is the primary predictor, while the residual layer is framed as a conservative correction and diagnostic component. A primary dataset comprising 833 CCFST tests was compiled from 55 published studies, while 313 data points collected from 34 additional studies were used for external validation. Experimental results show competitive accuracy with an\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    of 0.9946 while retaining a directly inspectable equation. By integrating distribution\u2010free conformal prediction, the model achieves 90.8% coverage at the 90% nominal level and identifies heteroscedastic uncertainty regimes. PI\u2010ResGEP may provide a preliminary predictive reference for cases beyond the applicability limits of Eurocode 4 and offers a potentially transferable workflow for engineering prediction problems requiring physically consistent, interpretable, and uncertainty\u2010aware estimates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:00:56Z","timestamp":1791630056000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanism\u2010Aware \u03c0 Group\u2010Based Gene Expression Programming for Axial Capacity Prediction of Steel\u2013Concrete Composite Members"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1564","author":[{"given":"Haoyun","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon Poh","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"El\u2010Shafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Water and Energy Centre United Arab Emirates University  Al Ain UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengkang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering School of Architecture and Energy Engineering Wenzhou University of Technology Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"BS EN 1994\u20101\u20101:2004 London: British Standards Institution (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"AISC 360\u201016Specification for Structural Steel BuildingsChicago AISC (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"GB 50936\u20132014 China Architecture & Building Press (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Architectural Institute of Japan(AIJ)(2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2021.114733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.202100641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521\u2010020\u201005605\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2022.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15376494.2014.922650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4186\/ej.2020.24.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENGSTRUCT.2016.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12989\/SCS.2016.20.3.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2021.114282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366\u2010021\u201001339\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366\u2010019\u201000808\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2011.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2949286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2025.112139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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