{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:42:06Z","timestamp":1793032926209,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32671401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32671401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann NY Acad Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cognitive control can be modulated by noninvasive brain stimulation, but it remains unclear how different stimulation protocols are associated with task\u2010related network organization. To characterize behavioral and brain\u2010network profiles, we recorded brain activity and behavioral performance while participants completed a cognitive control task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Profiles were compared across a pre\u2010stimulation session and two sessions following high\u2010definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD\u2010tDCS): single\u2010site stimulation of the presupplementary motor area\/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (preSMA\/dACC) and dual\u2010site stimulation of the preSMA\/dACC plus the left posterolateral cerebellum. Drift\u2010diffusion modeling showed reliable switching costs across sessions, with smaller latent costs in the dual\u2010site than in the single\u2010site session. Effective\u2010connectivity analyses indicated threshold\u2010sensitive reductions in retained cerebro\u2013cerebellar and right prefrontal edges in the dual\u2010site session. Model\u2010based graph analyses indicated protocol\u2010dependent differences in estimated network topology, including higher small\u2010worldness in the single\u2010site session and session\u2010specific associations between graph metrics and latent behavioral costs. Together, these findings suggest that single\u2010site medial\u2010frontal and dual\u2010site cerebro\u2013cerebellar HD\u2010tDCS were associated with distinct cognitive\u2010control profiles at both behavioral and modeled network levels. Rather than reflecting a uniform enhancement of connectivity, the dual\u2010site protocol appeared to engage a different network configuration supporting cognitive control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:45:11Z","timestamp":1792172711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reconfiguration of the Cognitive Control Network Induced by Cerebral and Cerebro\u2013Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"1564","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6226-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianwen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuedi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinpu","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4682-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taomei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning &amp; IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2450\u201016.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201043234\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010019\u20100436\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00533"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/shenakht.6.3.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201014509\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414559409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2184\u201009.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311\u2010017\u20100877\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2013.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2018.00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201011050\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00433.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.08.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2020.0864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Wang X.Wang M.Xia X.Liao A.Evans andY.He GRETNA: A Graph Theoretical Network Analysis Toolbox for Imaging Connectomics(2015) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00386.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010020\u20100912\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616658637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010019\u201001911\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03203267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741\u20102560\/8\/4\/046011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741\u20102552\/ab41ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Thielscher A.Antunes andG. B.Saturnino Field Modeling for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Useful Tool to Understand the Physiological Effects of TMS? (2015):222\u2013225 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318340.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.880587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004269900003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502829112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201016789\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1138\u201017.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.05.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2008.12\u201006\u2010420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010010\u20100262\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311\u2010024\u201001781\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587\u201006.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010014\u20100861\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108721.2008.00570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583\u2010018\u20100068\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.09.012"}],"container-title":["Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.70420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nyas.70420","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nyas.70420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T16:14:17Z","timestamp":1793031257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nyas.70420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nyas.70420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.70420","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0077-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1749-6632","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70420"}}