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Forty\u2010two studies were included. Our study found that maternal underweight was significantly associated with higher risk of preterm birth (odds ratio [\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ], 1.01\u20131.27), low birthweight (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.66; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.50\u20131.84) and small for gestational age (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.85; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.69\u20132.02). Compared with mothers with normal\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , overweight or obese mothers were at increased odds of gestational diabetes, pregnancy\u2010induced hypertension, pre\u2010eclampsia, caesarean delivery and post\u2010partum haemorrhage. The population\u2010attributable risk (\n PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) indicated that if women were entirely unexposed to overweight or obesity during the pre\u2010pregnancy or early pregnancy period, 14% to 35% fewer women would develop gestational diabetes, pre\u2010eclampsia or pregnancy\u2010induced hypertension in\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n razil,\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n hina,\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n ndia,\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n ran or\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n hailand. The highest\n PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n of low birthweight attributable to maternal underweight was found in\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n ran (20%), followed by\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n ndia (18%),\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n hailand (10%) and\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n hina (8%). Treatment and prevention of maternal underweight, overweight or obesity may help reduce the burden on maternal and child health in developing countries.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T14:02:27Z","timestamp":1434722547000},"page":"758-770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Maternal body mass index and risk of birth and maternal health outcomes in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M. M.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Policy The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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