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It now seems clear that high\u2010fat diets cause obesity, at least in part, by modifying the composition and function of the microorganisms that colonize in the gastrointestinal tract, the microbiota. The exact pathways by which intestinal microbiota contribute to obesity remain largely unknown. High\u2010fat diet\u2010induced alterations in intestinal microbiota have been suggested to increase energy extraction, intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation while decreasing the capability to generate obesity\u2010suppressing short\u2010chain fatty acids. Moreover, by increasing systemic inflammation, microglial activation and affecting vagal nerve activity, \u2018obese microbiota\u2019 indirectly influence hypothalamic gene expression and promote overeating. 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