{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:13:24Z","timestamp":1769148804923,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI865\/2\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI865\/2\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between coding variants in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene (<jats:italic>MC4R<\/jats:italic>) and binge eating disorder (BED) in patients with obesity is controversial. Two independent reviewers systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, BIOSIS Previews, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar up to February 2018, using terms describing the <jats:italic>MC4R<\/jats:italic> gene and BED. Six of 103 identified references were included. Studies examined associations between at least one coding variant\/mutation in <jats:italic>MC4R<\/jats:italic> and BED and screened for BED as per the <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/jats:italic>. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Q\u2010Genie tool, and overall quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidance. Meta\u2010analysis was conducted via logistic regression models. A positive association between gain\u2010of\u2010function (GOF) variants in the <jats:italic>MC4R<\/jats:italic> and BED was observed (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a03.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82, 5.04; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.7\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>), while no association was detected between loss\u2010of\u2010function (LOF) mutations and BED (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.50; 95% CI: 0.73, 2.96; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.25). Similar results were found after accounting for study quality (GOF variants: OR\u00a0=\u00a03.15; 95% CI: 1.76, 5.66; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>; LOF mutations: OR\u00a0=\u00a01.50; 95% CI: 0.73, 2.97; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.25). Our systematic review and meta\u2010analysis provides evidence that GOF variants as opposed to LOF mutations in <jats:italic>MC4R<\/jats:italic> are associated with BED in subjects with obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T03:20:52Z","timestamp":1539228052000},"page":"13-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Gain\u2010of\u2010function variants in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene confer susceptibility to binge eating disorder in subjects with obesity: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Qasim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University  Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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