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Among the adipogenic microbes, avian adenovirus SMAM\u20101 and human adenovirus Ad36 have been studied most extensively for the past 25\u00a0years. Here, we present a systematic review of literature about SMAM\u20101 and Ad36. Reports from North America, Europe, and Asia reveal strong evidence that Ad36 causes obesity in animals and paradoxically improves glycemic control, and in vitro data provides mechanistic explanation. Considering that experimental Ad36 infection of humans is unlikely, its causative role in human obesity or glycemic control has not been demonstrated unequivocally. Nonetheless, most, but not all, observational studies in children and adults link Ad36 infection to obesity and improvement in glycemic control. The <jats:italic>E4orf1<\/jats:italic> gene of Ad36 was identified as responsible for better glycemic control. Overall, 25\u00a0years have considerably advanced knowledge about the role of infection in obesity. Potential translational benefits include the development of vaccines to prevent Ad36\u2010induced obesity and drug development based on the E4orf1 protein to improve glycemic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T22:53:23Z","timestamp":1545173603000},"page":"499-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Twenty\u2010five years of research about adipogenic adenoviruses: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md","family":"Akheruzzaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4160-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Hegde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil V.","family":"Dhurandhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"PollackA. 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