{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:22:35Z","timestamp":1792131755223,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004508","name":"Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review of published evidence on micronutrient intake\/status with carbohydrate\u2010restricted diets (CRD) was conducted in Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> up to October 2018. We identified 10 studies: seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (\u201cAtkins\u201d\u2010style, n\u00a0=\u00a05; \u201cPaleolithic\u201d diets, n\u00a0=\u00a02), two Atkins\u2010style noncontrolled trials and one cross\u2010sectional study. Prescribed carbohydrate varied 4% to 34% of energy intake. Only one noncontrolled trial prescribed multivitamin supplements. Dietary intakes\/status were reported over 2 to 104\u00a0weeks, with weight losses from 2 to 9\u00a0kg. No diagnoses of deficiency were reported. Intakes of thiamine, folate, magnesium, calcium, iron, and iodine all decreased significantly (\u221210% to \u221270% from baseline) with any CRD types. Atkins diet trials (n\u00a0=\u00a06; 4%\u201034%E carbohydrate) showed inconsistent changes in vitamin A, E, and \u03b2\u2010carotene intakes, while a single \u201cPaleolithic\u201d diet trial (28%E carbohydrate) reported increases in these micronutrients. One other \u201cPaleolithic\u201d diet (30%E carbohydrate) reported a rise in moderate iodine deficiency from 15% to 73% after 6\u00a0months. In conclusion, few studies have assessed the impacts of CRD on micronutrients. Studies with different designs point towards reductions in several vitamins and minerals, with potential risk of micronutrient inadequacies. Trial reporting standards are expected to include analysis of micronutrient intake\/status. Micronutrients in foods and\/or supplements should be considered when designing, prescribing or following CRDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T07:29:09Z","timestamp":1555918149000},"page":"1132-1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Impacts of carbohydrate\u2010restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4373-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaitong","family":"Churuangsuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2216-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.J.","family":"Lean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9302-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Combet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"A130","article-title":"Awareness, use, and perceptions of low\u2010carbohydrate diets","volume":"5","author":"Finney Rutten LJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Three million follow Atkins diet.BBC News:2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v58.23552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-5-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12744"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A575","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.20.4.A575-c","article-title":"Dietary intake, characteristics, and attitudes of self\u2010reported low\u2010carbohydrate dieters","volume":"20","author":"Collins CB","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.10397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515004699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.McCance and Widdowson's 'composition of foods integrated dataset' on the nutrient content of the UK food supply.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"BatesB. 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