{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:04:06Z","timestamp":1788786246066,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CVON2016\u201007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON2016\u201007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Hartstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper reports how we applied systems dynamics methods to gain insight into the complexity of obesity\u2010related behaviors in youth, including diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, by integrating a literature review into causal loop diagrams (CLDs). Results showed that the CLDs consisted of multiple subsystems and three types of dynamics appeared, including (1) feedback loops, (2) connections between feedback loops and subsystems, and (3) mechanisms. We observed clear similarities in the dynamics for the four behaviors in that they relate to \u201ctraditional\u201d subsystems, such as home and school environments, as well as to newly added subsystems, including macroeconomics, social welfare, and urban systems. The CLDs provided insights that can support the development of intervention strategies, including (1) the confirmation that a range of mechanisms cover and connect multiple levels and settings, meaning that there is no silver bullet to address obesity; (2) understanding of how interventions in one particular setting, such as school, might be influenced by the interactions with other settings, such as urban systems; and (3) a comprehensive view of (un)intended consequences. This way of framing the problem will assist moving towards public health interventions that respond to and operate in the complexity of the real world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T03:39:06Z","timestamp":1609126746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Understanding obesity\u2010related behaviors in youth from a systems dynamics perspective: The use of causal loop diagrams"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0956-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilma E.","family":"Waterlander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mulier Institute Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teatske","family":"Altenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coosje","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Luna Pinzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manou","family":"Anselma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Service Amsterdam Sarphati Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieke","family":"van Houtum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Service Amsterdam Sarphati Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8675-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helga","family":"Emke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith L.","family":"Overman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai J.M.","family":"Chinapaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karien","family":"Stronks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32822-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Taking Action on Childhood Obesity","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"A97","article-title":"Complex systems modeling for obesity research","volume":"6","author":"Hammond RA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. 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