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To compare the differences between individuals with or without NAFLD, the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval were computed for each \u03b1\u2010diversity index and relative abundance of gut microbes. The \u03b2\u2010diversity indices were summarized in a qualitative manner. A total of 54 studies with 8894 participants were included. Overall, patients with NAFLD had moderate reduction in \u03b1\u2010diversity indices including Shannon (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.36, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[\u22120.53, \u22120.19],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and Chao 1 (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.42, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[\u22120.68, \u22120.17],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), but no significant differences were found for Simpson, observed species, phylogenetic diversity, richness, abundance\u2010based coverage estimator, and evenness (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    ranged from 0.081 to 0.953). Over 75% of the included studies reported significant differences in \u03b2\u2010diversity. Although there was substantial interstudy heterogeneity, especially for analyses at the phylum, class, and family levels, the majority of the included studies showed alterations in the depletion of anti\u2010inflammatory microbes (i.e.,\n                    <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Coprococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and the enrichment of proinflammatory microbes (i.e.,\n                    <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in patients with NAFLD. Perturbations in gut microbiota were associated with NAFLD, commonly reflected by a reduction in beneficial species and an increase in the pathogenic species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T22:10:03Z","timestamp":1697062203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Composition of gut microbiota and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Jinan University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive 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